Marketing Mix Strategies of Nike and Reebok in India Essay

Marketing Mix Strategies of Nike and Reebok in India - Essay Example The intention of this study is marketing mix as a very important part in crafting marketing strategy of a company. Many companies who do not focus on their marketing mix well enough face troubles. There are a lot of perils for a company that does not devise an excellent marketing mix strategy for its target customers. There are also a lot of examples of firms that despite of having a good product went out of business because their marketing mix efforts was not good. Many firms achieved great success from their average products because their marketing mix catered efficiently to the needs of the target customers. In the case of Nike and Reebok, it is also more about the marketing mix strategies of the two brands than their product offerings. Both companies were producing excellent products, but the differentiating factor between their success and failure had has been their marketing mix strategies. Reebok was a quick learner and it quickly shifted its focus on the marketing mix of its product, whereas it took several years for Nike to adjust its marketing mix in India. Indians are different from the other nations of the world, just like other nations are different from Indians, and hence every nation in the world has different preference in terms of prices they are paying for a category of product, the place they want to buy the product from, and the marketing efforts that would arouse them to make a purchase. Examining the marketing strategies of Nike and Reebok, one can see that their products are almost similar. Both businesses are in the business of producing sportswear and lifestyle product. Similarities between the two companies do not end here. Another common factor between the two giants in sportswear industry was their willingness to target the elite or premium sector of the society. Both company opposed the strategy of targeting masses and instead went for targeting the elites of the society. However, it is also very clear from the case that Nike was no t able to replicate the success of Reebok. The reasons for the failure of Nike lie more in their inefficient or flawed marketing mix strategies than their market offerings. Examining the other elements of the two marketing mix and probing the difference between the marketing mixes of Reebok and Nike brings us to the â€Å"Place† factor of the marketing mix. Place, in the marketing mix, is defined as a physical and virtual channel from which customers want to make the purchases of a product. In other words, it is the marketing channel that a company decides to use for selling its product. The major difference between the two marketing mixes here was the entry of these two companies. Reebok entered as a joint venture, whereas Nike started by acquiring a license with Sierra. Both strategies might look equally good, but there is a big flaw in the Nike’s entry strategy. First of all, most of the decisions regarding Nike’s products were taken by Sierra. It is very dif ficult to make sure that Sierra was taking the same actions as Nike wanted to take in the India market. Since Nike and Sierra are different brands having different objective incompatibility in their thinking would have existed. Sierra plans might not be compatible with Nike objectives and Sierra would have to take into account other factors before making Nike’s decision. In fact, Sierra was unable to market the product well. It was also unable to develop an efficient marketing channel like Reebok. Reebok on the other hand entered the market and made its own decisions. Hence, there was a clear sense of direction for the company regarding what it wants to achieve in the market. Reebok kept a wider distribution channel as compared to Nike. When Reebok had more than 500 outlets and 1500 distributor outlets, Nike just had 75 specialist outlets and around 200-300 distributor outlets. Hence, they were not reaching enough consumers in the Consumer Transformation Funnel. Reebok also t ook an excellent decision of marketing its products in Bata outlet and selling its produc

Holger Heyn et al. Distinct DNA methylomes of newborns and Assignment

Holger Heyn et al. Distinct DNA methylomes of newborns and centenarians PNAS 2012 paper and answer the following questions - Assignment Example target points in the experiment not only because they contain methyl groups but also the researchers wanted to strengthen the study through CpG results, because they make the DNA strands which happen to play a crucial role in human aging. In relation to methylation, CpG regions tend to have a high content of methylomes hence were the most suitable for the study. 3. 12- 16 Whole Genome bisulphite sequencing of all the samples: newborn, centenarian and intermediate, was done to identify the methylation status. Also, a microarray of 450000 CpG methylation samples were included in the experiment. WGBS was hence performed for all the samples. For the newborn, fresh cord blood with permit from the parents was acquired for the experiment while for the old age his CD4 positive T cells were used. The intermediate sample was from a twenty six year old. All the three samples were from Caucasian males. 4. The methylation status in the three samples was different but formed a final curve in the results. The centenarian DNA had low methylomes compared to those in a newborns DNA. Moreover, there is very low correlation in methylation of the CpG positions that are near the DNA. The intermediate sample was between the two, meaning is was second in the level of methylation. The CpG that were densely methylated in centenarian sample were located in specific genomic regions such as the promoters and more were on Island promoters than the poor promoters. 5. Alternative methods used apart from WGBS included the determination of the DMRS which are the differentiated methylated regions in the DNA of the two main samples. This method involved checking the total length of identical CpGs in the two samples by counting those that have a continuous consistent flow of methylation status. Moreover, an identified map of CpG that showcases a microarray of the 450000 samples use. The results from the map were then compared to those from WGBS. 6. The six genes from WGBS that were identified as

The Purity Of Prepared Of Aspirin Biology Essay

The Purity Of Prepared Of Aspirin Biology Essay To synthesize the drug aspirin, the purity of prepared of aspirin is determined by a chemical test. In addition, the percentages of aspirin made are determined (CHM 1024 Organic Chemistry, practical manual). Introduction Aspirin also know as acetylsalicylic acid, in the history of medicine, aspirin is the first drugs that ever come into common usage which as medical treatments worldwide. It is known as a pain killer, fever reducer and anti-inflammatory agent. As a matter of fact, an anti-inflammatory agent has become a widely known and utilized treatment for arthritis.(1) Aspirin is also an anti-clotting agent. It is because it can inhibiting the production of thromboxane which will bind with platelet to create a patch of damaged walls of capillaries and platelet will become large enough to block the blood flow, locally and also downstream, aspirin also can use in long-term at low doses for helping prevent heart attacks, strokes and also blood clot formation.(2) The synthesis of aspirin is actually an esterification reaction. By acid derivative, salicylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride, which will giving a chemical reaction that change hydroxyl group in salicylic acid into ester group (R-OH → R-OCOCH3). This esterification reaction will yields aspirin as well as acetic group which is a byproduct in this reaction. This process is speed up by using catalyst which is concentrated sulphuric acid.(3) http://www2.volstate.edu/chem/1110/Synthesis_of_Aspirin_3.png Figure 1: salicylic acid reacts with acetic anhydride to form acetyl salicylic acid which is aspirin and a by-product, acetic acid. Overdose of aspirin will lead to acute or chronic poisoning. If a single large dose of aspirin is taken then it is acute poisoning; if taking higher than normal dose of aspirin over some period of time then it is chronic poisoning. The mortality rate for acute overdose is low, but for chronic overdose is more generally fatal. Other than that, overdose of aspirin also will have some bad side effects which is stomach ache and headache. These side effects can be reduced through the addition of buffer solution. The presence of any unreacted or excess salicylic acid is detect by 1% iron III chloride(FeCl3). As salicylic acid got phenol group, the FeCl3 test will giving a positive result that show colour change to violet colour if there have molecule possessing phenol group. Hence, the commercial aspirin will given negative result because it does not have phenol group with it. Hypothesis When salicylic acid reacts with acetic anhydride will yield aspirin and acetic acid. Procedure Preparation of aspirin A bath was prepared by using 400mL beaker was filled with half with water and it was heated until it boiling. 2.00g of salicylic acid was weighed and placed in 125mL dry conical flask. This quantity was used to calculate the theoretical yield of aspirin. 3mL of acetic anhydride was measured and added into the conical flask with gently swirled. The 3 drops of concentrated sulphuric acid was added into the flask during swirling. After that, the conical flask was placed in a beaker of warm water for 15 minutes. The reagents were mixed and then placed in a beaker of boiling-water bath for 30mins until the solid was completely dissolved. The solution was swirled occasionally. The conical flask was removed from the bath and it was cooled down to approximately room temperature which is 27Â °C. The solution was slowly poured into a 150mL beaker which containing 20mL of ice water and mixed completely then placed in an ice bath. During the ice bath, glass rod was used to mix the solution and scratching along the bottom of the beaker vigorously.(be aware no to poke a hole through the beaker.) The crystal were formed and collected by using Buchner funnel through filtration and suction. The crystals were washed by 5mL of cold water and the followed by 5mL of cold ethyl acetate. Suction was continued for at least 5mins for drying the crystals. The crystals were transferred to a 250mL beaker by using spatula and 5 drops of ethanol were added into the beaker. The beaker was stirred and warmed inside a water bath to dissolve the crystal. Re-crystallization process was performed. After the crystals dissolved 25mL warm water was added to the alcohol solution. The solution was let to cool down and then crystals were formed. Once the crystallization started, the beaker in the ice bath was set to complete the re-crystallization. The contents in the beaker were poured into Buchner funnel and suction and filtration was applied. Filter papers were used to remove all the excess water by moving the crystals on the filter paper anf placed it between several sheets of filter papers and gently pressed to dry the solid. Petri dish was weighed. Then crystal added on it and reweigh of petri dish. The weight of the purified aspirin was obtained by simple calculation and then this is used to obtain the percentages yield of aspirin. Analysis of Aspirin. Compare the quality of the synthesized aspirin with commercial aspirin and salicylic acid. 1% of iron III chloride was added to separate the test tubes containing aspirin crystals of each substance. The colour was observed. There will be no colour showed if aspirin is pure. Purple colour was showed if salicylic acid or traces is present in impure aspirin. Then the intensity of colour qualitatively tells how much salicylic acid was present. The aspirin crystals were observed under the microscope and were drawn on the result sheet. The purity of sample was tested by determining its melting point range. Reduce the sample to a fine powder by using mortar and Pestle. A melting point capillary tube with 1-2cm depth of fine crystals was loaded. The melting point f purified aspirin varies between 130-135 Â °C, temperature was noticed at the aspirin begins to melt and the sample has completely melted. Safety Precaution When dealing with acetic anhydride and sulphuric acid need to use gloves and do it in fume hood, because acetic anhydride will irritate the eyes; sulphuric acid will causes burn to skin because it is concentrated and corrosive. The aspirin prepares is not pure enough and cannot use as a drug as well as cannot consume. Result Table 1: Iron(III) Chloride, FeCl3 test on aspirin Test Observation Commercial aspirin no colour Purified aspirin Violet Table 2 : Experimental results Contents Reading 1. Weight of the salicylic acid 2.01 2. Weight of petri dish + filter paper 17.2075 3. weight of aspirin + petri dish + filter paper 18.1028 4. Weight of aspirin [3-2] 0.8953 5. Melting point of purified aspirin 144Â °C-172Â °C 6. Melting point of commercial aspirin 132.8Â °C-138.9Â °C Calculation The molar molecular mass of acetylsalicylic acid = 180g/mol The molar molecular mass of salicylic acid = 138g/mol The molar molecular mass of acetic anhydride = 102g/mol Number of moles of salicylic acid, C7H6O3 = (weight of salicylic acid) / (molar molecular mass of salicylic acid) = 2.0100g / (138g/mole) = 0.0146 mole Number of moles of acetic anhydride, C4H6O3 = (weight of acetic anhydride) / (molar molecular mass of acetic anhydride) = 3.246g / (102g/mole) = 0.0318 mole By comparing the number of mole of the salicylic acid and acetic anhydride, the mole of salicylic acid is lesser. Therefore, the acetic anhydride is in excess. Hence the limiting agent in this experiment is salicylic acid. By comparison of the chemical equations: C7H6O3 + C4H6O3 Æ’Â   C9H8O4 + C2H4O2 one mole of C7H6O3 reacts with one mole of C4H6O3 to produce one mole of C9H8O4 and one mole of C2H4O2 Theoretical yield of aspirin = 0.0146 mole (180g/mole) = 2.628g Actual yield of aspirin = 0.8953g Percent yield of the aspirin = (actual yield of aspirin) / (theoretical yield of aspirin) -100% =0.8953g/2.628g 100% =34.07% Diagram of Commercial Aspirin C:UsersAliceDocumentsBluetooth FolderIMG-20121011-WA0000.jpg Discussion In this experiment, aspirin crystals obtained were white crystals and is in pure form which is white crystalline solid. Then the percentages yield of aspirin obtained was 34.07%, and there are so many reasons that could not get a 100% yield of the aspirin. The product can be lost while transferred from one container to another. Other than that, when during suction through filtration, some of the aspirin might remain in the dissolved filtrate and this causes the yield of the product to be less than theoretical yield. Besides that, when weighing salicylic acid and acetylsalicylic acid there might have zero error on the weighing machine and this will also affects the result and inaccuracy in the yield of the product. The melting point of purified aspirin obtained will have error be found as well, because the instrument that using for measuring the melting point of aspirin was not totally cool down during measuring the crystals. Furthermore, aspirin might contain impurities that causes melting point to be higher or lower than the actual melting point. During the Iron (III) Chloride test, the commercial aspirin showed no colour change, it is because there have no impurities and suitable for ingestion, but for the purified aspirin it gave a positive results which mean the solution turns violet colour due to the impurities in the product and it proved that the purified aspirin is not suitable for ingestion. This experiment was required 3 drops of concentrated sulphuric acid, because concentrated sulphuric acid was act as a catalyst for speeding up the reaction without affecting the result. The reaction will still take place if the concentrated sulphuric acid were omitted. This experiment used ice water during the work up is due to the characteristic of aspirin. Aspirin is insoluble in water and cold water will reduce the solubility of aspirin in water and it can be isolated when undergo suction through filtration with chilled reaction solution. Then the water is used to hydrolyse the acetic anhydride to acetic acid and can be easily removed by filtration. Therefore, all the impurities can be removed. The principle of recrystallization is the amount of solute that can he dissolved by a solvent increases with temperature. Recrystallization only works when a proper solvent used. In this experiment the solvent that used to dissolved the impurities is ethyl acetate and then using hot filtration to remove inpurities. The purity of the synthesized acetylsalicylic acid was tested by FeCl3, if there is colour change (violet colour) that means there have impurities in acetylsalicylic acid. The purity of acetylsalicylic acid was determined by melting point. In this experiment the melting range for acetylsalicylic acid is 144Â °C-172Â °C which is higher than commercial aspirin which is132.8Â °C-138.9Â °C, meaning that acetylsalicylic acid obtained in this experiment contained impurities. There have some improvement for this experiments as in used all the salicylic acid powder and ensured that there is no drop on the table. During transferring the reactants from one to another container make sure that there is no any remaining in the container. Furthermore, during filtering the aspirin by using the suction ensure that all holes on the Buchner funnel are covered for preventing the reduction of yield product. Conclusion This experiment was supported the hypothesis suggested. When salicylic acid reacts with acetic anhydride will yield acetylsalicylic acid which known as aspirin. In this experiment, the limiting agent is salicylic acid. The melting point range for the acetylsalicylic acid obtained is 144Â °C-172Â °C, it is because it contains impurities. The theoretical yield of aspirin is 2.628g, but the actual yield of aspirin obtained is 0.8953g. therefore, the percentage yield of aspirin is 34.07%.

Dissociative Identity Disorder Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) is considered by the American Psychiatric Association to be one of 4 main kinds of dissociative disorders (DSM-IV): "The essential feature of dissociative disorders is a disturbance or alteration in the normally integrative functions of identity, memory, or consciousness" (8). If identity is the main function affected, the person is said to have DID. Most non-DID people have one identity comprised of many parts that work harmoniously together. They have only one I-function which consists of a conglomeration of thoughts and feelings formed from connections between many different brain areas. People with MPD, however, have a decentralized, internal network of 2 or more I- functions or "alters," each with its own physiology, behavior, and cognitions. Dissociation often enables victims to maintain a relatively healthy level of functioning because traumatic memories are disconnected from other information in their minds. A multiple presents her view of DID: "We do not SUFFER FROM MPD. We SURVIVE because of MPD" (6). Living with this disorder is often an extremely lonely, confusing experience. Luckily, there has been much success in treating this disorder thanks to the extensive research conducted into DID etiology. The etiology may be explained by the diathesis-stress model. There appears to be a biological component given the fact that most people with DID have a family history of the disorder. It has also been found that people who are easily hypnotized are more susceptible to DID (5). The stress is known to come from severe physical, emotional, and/or sexual abuse at a developmentally sensitive stage in childhood (3). When a per... ...ted. Another possibility is that everyone possesses different centers of connections and somehow after repeated dissociation episodes, some people's links become severed. Findings from DID research may be helpful for DID and non-DID sufferers alike. Research into this area has shed a lot of light into what kinds of cognitions lead to healthy functioning, among the most important of which are the need for a sense of control and self-love and respect. The research also highlights the interconnectedness of the mind and body: the fact that the psychological has a very real affect on the physiological and vice versa. Internet Sources: http://www.sidran.org/casa.html http://www.sidran.org/didbr.html http://rossinst.com/case2.htm http://www.rossinst.com/2yr_study.htm http://www.trauma-pages.com/vanderk4.htm http://www.trauma-pages.com/vanderk2.htm

How war dehumanizes people Essay

During the war people were deprived of their everyday necessities and also their living conditions, They never got the luxury of sleeping in big warm clean beds or even clean clothes therefore changing the way they act and the way look at things such as murder. During the war you go through the trenches and fields watching people die, and even killing people themselves. Everyday people would not be able to just sit there and watch someone as they slowly die. The narrator of this novel, Charles Yale Harrison was enlisted in the war. Charles explained everything that went on during is outings, some of which were pretty harsh and intense I could only imagine some of the things that he probably was not allowed saying. Charles had a few main buddies whom stuck by his side and fought with him. In this novel he tells us the things he saw some of the things he explained were pretty gory, for example he watched people as their flesh tore off and blood gushed everywhere. War definitely dehumanizes people for the most part. Soldiers don’t have as much sympathy for the people who are dying it’s almost as if they really don’t care but being that must be kind of necessary for a soldier because you can’t really sit there and cry over a friend who is dying while your enemies were slowly creeping up on your base. During war you do things you never thought you could ever do in your lifetime such as stabbing someone in the stomach or shooting a man in the face. â€Å"I lunge forward aiming at his stomach. It is a lightning instinctive moment. The thrust jerks my body; something heavy collides with the point of my weapon.† Charles says. I doubt Charles would have ever been able to do this without spending months in war, with the same platoon and even watching them all slowly die.

Discuss Briefly the Influence of Body Language, Voice Modulation, Audience Awareness and Presentation Plan for Successful Oral Presentation? Essay

— Eye contact, facial expressions, posture, movements, gestures.Why is it useful? It is natural and a part of communication. to clarify meaning; it is very visual to vent nervousness to maintain interest to emphasize The golden rule is â€Å"Be natural and relaxed!† | * Positive body language * eye contact to keep audiences’ attention (Asian audience might feel aggressed.) facial expressions should be natural and friendly: raise eyebrows to show surprise – open eyes wide – squint your eyes – curl your eyebrows * the hands Lots of possibilities to emphasise, to enumerate. to express sincerity or reflexion Be conscious of what you do with your hands If you are unhappy, hold notes or cards to occupy them arm – movements back and forth to suggest flow. Open arms to include or welcome ideas * body movement to indicate a change of focus keep audience’s attention move forward to emphasize move to side to indicate a transition gesture up and down head motions are movements to indicate importance or acknowledgement pen or pointer to indicate part, place (on a transparency) shrug shoulder to indicate I don’t know or care * posture stand straight but relaxed (do not slouch or lean sideways) Lean forward to emphasize however No hands in pockets Negative body language Failing to make eye contact Do not look at your notes all the time Looking at the screen/board means your back is turned to the audience cutting contact Don’t stare, or look blankly into people’s eyes Avoid swaying back and forth like a pendulum Avoid leaning against walls Be aware of your nervous tics Do not fold your arms like a barrier While one hand in a pocket gives a very relaxed pose, both hands in pockets looks too casual and should be avoided The Voice The voice is probably the most valuable tool of the presenter. It carries most of the content that the audience takes away. One of the oddities of speech is that we can easily tell others what is wrong with their voice, e.g. too fast, too high, too soft, etc., but we have trouble listening to and changing our own voices. There are five main terms used for defining vocal qualities (Grant-Williams, 2002): * Volume: How loud the sound is. The goal is to be heard without shouting. Good speakers lower their voice to draw the audience in, and raise it to make a point. * Tone: The characteristics of a sound. An airplane has a different sound than leaves being rustled by the wind. A voice that carries fear can frighten the audience, while a voice that carries laughter can get the audience to smile. * Pitch: How high or low a note is. Pee Wee Herman has a high voice, Barbara Walters has a moderate voice, while James Earl Jones has a low voice. * Pace: This is how long a sound lasts. Talking t oo fast causes the words and syllables to be short, while talking slowly lengthens them. Varying the pace helps to maintain the audience’s interest. * Color: Both projection and tone variance can be practiced by taking the line â€Å"This new policy is going to be exciting† and saying it first with surprise, then with irony, then with grief, and finally with anger. The key is to over-act. Remember Shakespeare’s words â€Å"All the world’s a stage† — presentations are the opening night on Broadway! There are two good methods for improving your voice: 1. Listen to it! Practice listening to your voice while at home, driving, walking, etc. Then when you are at work or with company, monitor your voice to see if you are using it how you want to. 2. To really listen to your voice, cup your right hand around your right ear and gently pull the ear forward. Next, cup your left hand around your mouth and direct the sound straight into your ear. This helps you to really hear your voice as others hear it†¦ and it might be completely different from the voice you thought it was! Now practice moderating your voice. Questioning Keep cool if a questioner disagrees with you. You are a professional! No matter how hard you try, not everyone in the world will agree with you! Although some people get a perverse pleasure from putting others on the spot, and some try to look good in front of the boss, most people ask questions from a genuine interest. Questions do not mean you did not explain the topic good enough, but that their interest is deeper than the average audience. Always allow time at the end of the presentation for questions. After inviting questions, do not rush ahead if no one asks a question. Pause for about 6 seconds to allow the audience to gather their thoughts. When a question is asked, repeat the question to ensure that everyone heard it (and that you heard it correctly). When answering, direct your remarks to the entire audience. That way, you keep everyone focused, not just the questioner. To reinforce your presentation, try to relate the question back to the main points. Make sure you listen to the question being asked. If you do not understand it, ask them to clarify. Pause to think about the question as the answer you give may be correct, but ignore the main issue. If you do not know the answer, be honest, do not waffle. Tell them you will get back to them†¦ and make sure you do! Answers that last 10 to 40 seconds work best. If they are too short, they seem abrupt; while longer answers appear too elaborate. Also, be sure to keep on track. Do not let off-the-wall questions sidetrack you into areas that are not relevant to the presentation. If someone takes issue with something you said, try to find a way to agree with part of their argument. For example, â€Å"Yes, I understand your position†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"I’m glad you raised that point, but†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The idea is to praise their point and agree with them as audiences sometimes tend to think of â€Å"us verses you.† You do not want to risk alienating them. Preparing the Presentation After a concert, a fan rushed up to famed violinist Fritz Kreisler and gushed, â€Å"I’d give up my whole life to play as beautifully as you do.† Kreisler replied, â€Å"I did.† To fail to prepare is to prepare to fail The first step of a great presentations is preplanning. Preparing for a presentation basically follows the same guidelines as a meeting (a helpful guide on preparing and conducting a meeting, such as acquiring a room, informing participants, etc.) The second step is to prepare the presentation. A good presentation starts out with introductions and may include an icebreaker such as a story, interesting statement or fact, or an activity to get the group warmed up. The introduction also needs an objective, that is, the purpose or goal of the presentation. This not only tells you what you will talk about, but it also informs the audience of the purpose of the presentation. Next, comes the body of the presentation. Do NOT write it out word for word. All you want is an outline. By jotting down the main points on a set of index cards, you not only have your outline, but also a memory jogger for the actual presentation. To prepare the presentation, ask yourself the following: * What is the p urpose of the presentation? * Who will be attending? * What does the audience already know about the subject? * What is the audience’s attitude towards me (e.g. hostile, friendly)? A 45 minutes talk should have no more than about seven main points. This may not seem like very many, but if you are to leave the audience with a clear picture of what you have said, you cannot expect them to remember much more than that. There are several options for structuring the presentation: * Timeline: Arranged in sequential order. * Climax: The main points are delivered in order of increasing importance. * Problem/Solution: A problem is presented, a solution is suggested, and benefits are then given. * Classification: The important items are the major points. * Simple to complex: Ideas are listed from the simplest to the most complex. Can also be done in reverse order. You want to include some visual information that will help the audience understand your presentation. Develop charts, graphs, slides, handouts, etc. After the body, comes the closing. This is where you ask for questions, provide a wrap-up (summary), and thank the participants for attending. Notice that you told them what they are about to hear (the objective), told them (the body), and told them what they heard (the wrap up). And finally, the important part — practice, practice, practice. The main purpose of creating an outline is to develop a coherent plan of what you want to talk about. You should know your presentation so well, that du ring the actual presentation, you should only have to briefly glance at your notes to ensure you are staying on track. This will also help you with your nerves by giving you the confidence that you can do it. Your practice session should include a live session by practicing in front of coworkers, family, or friends. They can be valuable at providing feedback and it gives you a chance to practice controlling your nerves. Another great feedback technique is to make a video or audio tape of your presentation and review it critically with a colleague.

4 Common Questions About How to Vote in College

4 Common Questions About How to Vote in College With so much else to juggle while in college, you may not have thought much about how to vote. Even if its your first election or going to school means you live in a different state, figuring out how to vote in college can be relatively simple.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ I Live in One State but Go to School in Another. Where Do I Vote? You can be a resident of two states, but you can only vote in one. So if youre a college student who has a permanent address is in one state and lives in another to attend school, you can choose where you want to cast your vote. Youll need to check with your home state or the state your school is in for more details on registration requirements, how to register and, of course, how to vote. You can generally find this information through a states Secretary of State website or  the board of elections. Additionally, if you decide to vote in your home state but are living in another state, youll probably need to vote absentee. Make sure you allow yourself enough time to receive - and return - your ballot through the mail. The same goes for changing registration: While a few states offer same-day voter registration, many have firm deadlines for registering new voters before an election.   How Do I Vote in My Hometown Election If Im Away at School? If, say, you live in Hawaii but are in college in New York, chances are you arent going to be able to head home to vote. Assuming you want to remain a registered voter in Hawaii, youll need to register as an absentee voter and have your ballot sent to you at school. How Do I Vote in the State Where My School Is? As long as youve registered to vote in your new state, you should get voter materials in the mail that will explain the issues, have candidate statements and say where your local polling place is. You may very well vote right on your campus. If not, theres a pretty good chance that a lot of students at your school will need to get to the neighborhood polling place on Election Day. Check with your student activities or student life office to see if they are running shuttles or if there are any carpooling initiatives involved for reaching the polling place. Lastly, if you dont have transportation to your local polling place or wont be able to vote on Election Day for some other reason, see if you can vote by mail.   Even if your permanent address and your school are in the same state, youll want to double-check your registration. If you cant get home on Election Day, you either need to vote absentee or consider changing your registration to your school address so you can vote locally. Where Can I Get More Information on the Issues That Affect College Students? College students are a critical - and very large - voting constituency who are often at the forefront of political activism. (Its not an accident presidential debates are historically held on college campuses.) Most campuses have programs and events, put on by campus or local political parties and campaigns, that explain different candidates views on certain issues. The internet is full of information on elections but put in the effort to seek out credible sources. Look to non-profit, non-partisan organizations for details on election issues, as well as quality news sources and political parties websites, which have information on initiatives, candidates, and their policies.

12 Angry Men Essays (560 words) - English-language Films

12 Angry Men Essays (560 words) - English-language Films 12 Angry Men 12 Angry Men: Juror #8 is the Most Important Juror Juror #8 was the most important juror in the play Twelve Angry Men for a number of reasons. The first reason is that when all the other jurors voted guilty without even thinking about their decisions, Juror #8 suggested that they talk about it before jumping to conclusions. Even when some of the other jurors got mad and started yelling at him, he stayed calm and tried to work things out in a mature fashion. The second reason is that he convinced Juror #9 to change his vote to not guilty. This was an important step because it paved the way for the other jurors to change their minds also. The third reason is Juror #8 re-enacted scenes from the night of the murder in order to prove his points. The first reason Juror #8 was the most important juror is that when all the other jurors quickly voted guilty, without discussing it first, he suggested that they talk about it for a little bit. When asked if he thought the boy was guilty or not guilty, he said, I dont know. This shows that he hadnt decided one way or the other. When asked why he voted this way, he replied, Its not easy for me to raise my hand and send a boy off to die without talking about it first. This shows that he wanted to talk things over with the other jurors before he makes a decision. Later on he said, I just want to talk for a while. This is more proof that he wanted to discuss the issue. The second reason Juror #8 was the most important juror is because he convinced Juror #9 to change his vote to not guilty. This was important because if no one changed his or her decision in the second vote, Juror #8 said he would change his vote to not guilty. However, Juror #9 did change his vote giving Juror #8 more time to talk about the case. Juror #9 said, He gambled for support and I gave it to him. I want to hear more. By convincing one person to change their vote, it forced everybody to listen to more arguments, and possibly change their thinking on the case. The third reason Juror #8 was the most important juror is that he re-enacted scenes from the night of the murder in order to prove his points. The first time Juror #8 re-enacted a scene was when he proves that the old man could not have walked from his bedroom to the hallway in fifteen seconds. He did this by measuring how far his bedroom was from he hallway, and then walking it himself. It took him thirty-one seconds, making it impossible for the old man to have made it in fifteen. By doing this re-enactment, he changed the minds of several other jurors. With the points I have given, Juror #8 is the most important juror. Not only did he do what he felt was the right thing to do, but he also may have saved a boys life. For these reasons Juror #8 is the most important juror in the play Twelve Angry Men. Bibliography English Literature Book

An Overview Of Student Affairs Professionals Education Essay

An Overview Of Student Affairs Professionals Education Essay Do you feel that the task is somewhat overwhelming or is it possible for student affairs professionals to take up this mantle of responsibility on a daily basis? What welcomes undergraduates to this agenda and what, perhaps, hinders their acceptance of this function of American higher education? Student affairs’ professionals do have the capacity to carry out their duties on a daily basis. However, it is imperative that these professionals are organized in their approach and appropriately trained. According to Colby, Ehrlich, Beaumont and Stephens (2003) student affairs professionals must make a â€Å"concerted effort to assist students from the very first time that they come in contact with the school† (pp.226-227). Professionals must make students aware of the extracurricular activities available to them and the ways in which they can get involved on campus and in the surrounding community. The first relationship that student affairs’ professional have with s tudents begins with campus tours. These tours often leave an important first impression with students. Beyond the first impression student affair professional must make a concerted effort to reach out to the students once they become a part of the University community. Reaching out to the students require several different elements including e-mails, telephone call and a personal letter. As it pertains to e-mails students should be sent e-mail correspondence a few days before the event actually occurs. Such correspondence allows them time to adjust their schedules, so they can attend a function. Likewise, a personal message is an important form of communication that can greatly assist students/confidence helping in becoming more involved in campus life. Other announcements should be placed on bulletin boards in dorms or other high-traffic areas. Although communicating with students in this manner does require a great deal of work, it is not an impossible endeavor. Undergraduates are welcomed to the agenda when they are encouraged by student affair professionals to get involved in campus activities and in community activities. According to Colby et al (2003) â€Å"community service projects are of particular importance in most campus organizations† (p.134). Some students may not be as familiar with the importance of community service and the vital role that volunteers play in the context of a community. Making students aware of this particular agenda is vitally important as it informs the way they react to opportunities associated with community service. To this end professional must be sure to inform students of the benefits associated with community service and other types of community involvement. Students, freshmen in particular have many issues that they face, for instance, adjusting to college life. In some ways, all of these new adjustments can prevent students from making the progress they need to make in becoming involved. In some instances, stu dents do not get involved in such things because they are not aware that certain activities are occurring. Student’s affairs professional cannot assume students will automatically get involved in other activities. In addition, depending on the size of the institution a student may be intimidated by all the activities and may not know where to start as it relates to involvement in activities. In the case of the student feeling intimidated, student affair professionals must make a concerted effort to engage students and assist them in understanding the importance of community and campus involvement.

The problems regarding lack of leadership skills and inadequate job Essay

The problems regarding lack of leadership skills and inadequate job designning for the new employees - Essay Example The paper tells that job design is refered to as the contents of the job. It facilitates to analyse the various duties and tasks of the job and the methods required to perform the job in an efficient and effective way from the perspective of human process intervention as well as from the HRM intervention. Thus, job design includes the descriptions and the provision of the job which helps in evaluation of the performance as well as enhancement of profitability of the firm. Similarly, in case of ‘Lentil as Anything’, after recruiting the new migrated employees, Shanaka Fernando, the owner of ‘Lentil as Anything’ should offer them specific job related trainings in order to describe the various specifications, rules, responsibilities and requirements. This would assist in enhancing the motivation as well as the eficiency of the employees. Senior & Flemming, stated that it is through job design that the roles and responsibilities are clearly described according t o the past skills and knowledge of the employees. Moreover, it can be identified that the induction training programs are utilized to present the actual procedure of the particular jobs so as to acquire competency and accuracy in the performance. Parker & Wall highlighted that the job design intervention is essential to assess the specific skills and knowledge of the new entrants and helps to evaluate the proficiency level and the expertise gaps as well. Therefore, in order to reduce the skill gaps, various induction tranning programs are offered to the employees to increase their aptitudes and capabilities. Thus, it is essential for ‘Lentil as Anything’ to motivate the employees towards the job by communicating an appropriate design of the jobs. Proper job design helps to accomplish the task responsibilities in a specific time frame and in an skilled manner which ultimately proves beneficial for the employee as well as for the company. Hence, it is obligatory to develo p a particular job design statement for ‘Lentil as Anything’ which might be beneficial for the new employees and the restaurant as well (Accel-Team, 2011; Parker & Wall, 1998). The paragraph mainly highlights the facts about the techno-structural intervention required for the restructuring of the organization. While taking decisions for ‘Lentil as Anything’, Mr. Shanaka Fernando should involve all the employees so as to evaluate the varied viewpoints regarding a particular decision. It also offers proper contribution of the employees regarding a specific circumstance which is clearly observed in the documentary of ‘Lentil as Anything’. In order to sustain in the crisis situation, Mr. Shanaka Fernando decided to expand Lentil in Sydney in order to serve high quality of foods and services to the customers which can enhance the cash inflow and thus, assist in lessening the burden of heavy debt. Notably, this is a strategic decision on his part but without the involvement of the other employees (Cummings & Worley, 2008). Moreover, it can be determined that the involvement of all the employees in the decisison making process leads to increase in the confidence level and the morale of the employees which in turn enhances the employee performance and productivity of the organization. It can be depicted in terms of four elements such as power, skill, information, knowledge and rewards. Power helps to offer enough ability to make job related decisions where timely access to any pertinent information is essential to make any

Pappper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pappper - Essay Example Specifically, the firm required the participants to take more time to the website before matching (Mariotti & Glackin, 2012). Notably, this helped in distinguishing between the serious partner-seekers and the jokers. In effect, the firm reduced the speed of forming a relationship by ensuring the interested parties provided adequate information to help in making a match that would lead to a long lasting relationship. As a late entrant with a rigorous process and time-consuming to know the applicants, the firm faced high competition from the established businesses. In addition, clients were unsure about the trustworthy and effectiveness of the company (Mariotti & Glackin, 2012). Therefore, the company experienced a low rate of application forcing it to strategies a campaign to create awareness and attract clients. Forgratch believes the first radio advertisement worked for two primary reasons. First, the resulting turnover was promising as the company recorded an increase in revenue that reflected in the promotion costs that reached $20 million by 2004. Secondly, the use of Dr. Neil Clark Warren was efficient as he was a household name in the marriage therapy (Mariotti & Glackin, 2012). In addition, his distinctive voice, credibility, and a meaningful message worked to the advantage of the enterprise. The eHarmony business uses a service promotion concept in which it sells the services it offers to the public. Therefore, this direct action advertising strategies focuses directly on the potential clients. The firm achieve the success using real customers who have benefited from the company in an attempt to gain credibility and increase the number of paying customers (Mariotti & Glackin,

Differences and Similitarities between Mozart and Beethovens early and Essay

Differences and Similitarities between Mozart and Beethovens early and late Symphonies - Essay Example Additionally, personal differences, in terms of lifestyles also contributed to the differences in their symphonies. Thus, the following are the differences and Similarities between Mozart and Beethovens early and late Symphonies: Similarities between Mozart and Beethovens early Symphonies Mozart and Beethovens early Symphonies were similar in various ways. First, their early symphonies are characterized by the application of Sonata form, which was the main musical structure that characterized the classical music era (Keefe, 66). The two composers applied Sonata form in almost every of their works, only that it could be combined with other forms of music structure such as the Rondo and the variation forms. The examples that can depict the use of the sonata form in their early works are the Mozart’s K 296 composition and Beethoven’s Piano quartets, also referred to as the WoO 36 (Will, 55). These are some of the earlier compositions by these two musical composers, which d epict the application of sonata form, almost in a very identical way. The application of sonata form as a musical structure by the two composers in these two earlier works is depicted by the division of the compositions into three sections. Both the K-296 symphony, which was composed in 1781 by Mozart and the WoO36 Piano quartet’s symphony, which was composed by Beethoven before 1792, displays the classification of the composition into the exposition, a development and a recapitulation sections (Will, 44). These symphonies entail the presentation of a transition, from how the tonal material of the compositions are organized in harmony at the exposition section, then developed into elaboration and contrast at the development section, and finally harmonized and resolved to create a harmoniously integrated rhythm at the recapitulation section (Keefe, 68). This musical structure starts with a harmonized and simplified tonal stability at the exposition section, then enters the dev elopment section where more tension is build, and complex tonal textures, far-ranging key changes and highly agitated rhythms are developed, to create the climax of the musical composition at the development section, and finally enters the recapitulation section, where the tension and tonal complexity is reduced, resulting to a cool harmonious finishing rhythm (Will, 41). These are the major characteristics of Mozart’s K 296 composition and Beethoven’s Piano quartets, which are some of their earlier works. Differences between Mozart and Beethovens early Symphonies There are notable differences between Mozart’s and Beethoven’s early symphonies. The difference emanates from the fact that while Mozart was a musical composer of his own making, Beethoven’s musical composition were a hybrid of Mozart’s and other artists’ style. In developing his symphonies, Beethoven was particularly influenced by Mozart on one hand and Joseph Haydn on the other (Keefe, 72). Therefore, he combined their musical composition styles to create a hybrid, which he then gave his own personality. This led to a development of a unique stylistic composition that was different from those of his influencers. Therefore, Mozart’s and Beethoven’s early symphonies were different in that, while Mozart observed musical rules and played within the confines of harmony and smooth transition of keys and rhythm, Beethoven adapted the style of

Political reonstruction in the State of Florida after the Civil War Essay

Political reonstruction in the State of Florida after the Civil War - Essay Example However, this objective of reconstruction did not realize the anticipated goals, instead, the end of reconstruction resulted in the denial of civil rights to all African-Americans in the Southern States, including Florida. This era of reconstruction is significant, as it has shaped the history of the United States. Different people today have different views about the events in this era. Similarly, different authors have written their varying opinions and facts concerning the reconstruction period, bringing out their personal convictions about the period. Nonetheless, this essay focuses on the different views by various authors on the political reconstruction in the United States, and specifically, the State of Florida. Ayers in his book, A History of the American South 1877-1906, notes that, between the end of reconstruction in 1877 and the 1906 Atlanta race riot, the American South was marked with significant changes in its social, economic, and political spheres. Economically, the South witnessed intensive industrialization and urbanization, and the domination of the railroad, while socially, pop culture emerged, including music and modern literature, and the emergence of new religious groups. However, Ayers notes that politically, the South was characterized by the elements of segregation, disfranchisement, the populist revolt, and the start of progressivism. Power was based on either persuasion or coercion (3). Florida experienced a myriad of political changes. Ayers traces the beginning of the new era in the South to the 1870s, when the conservative democrats took power in Southern states, including Florida. Florida played an equal role as other Southern states in redrawing political boundaries between the South and whole nation. However, in early 1890s, there was witnessed the greatest revolt of populism, which played a significant role in political reconstruction of Florida. Farmers in Florida were affected negatively and were plunged in an economic dep ression. Although Florida experienced slight industrial growth, its farmers lived with many uncertainties. Ayer notes that after the Republicans’ succession in the South, they aimed at forming a political alliance that would include former slaves and a few white people that were influential (5). However, their opinions and preferences on issues such as land redistribution, elections, civil rights, and educational policies varied. They later established an alliance comprising former slaves, former Northerners, and former unionists, with an objective of ensuring the economic prosperity and equal rights for the Southerners. However, this diversity became a major challenge to this alliance as most members and the voters defected with instances of unjust treatment. Eventually, the North dissociated itself from the South and this slimmed down the probability of successful reconstruction in both the North and South, without external intervention (5). Later, the conservative Democrat s â€Å"redeemed† many Southern States, including Florida, therefore displacing the Republicans out of power. However, in 1877, the elections in Florida saw Democrats pronounced winners, and this brought a new meaning to the reconstruction in the South. In Florida and other Southern States, the influential, educated, and wealthy, white people rose to demand for power, which they thought they were the

Innovating Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Innovating - Essay Example However, social constructivism refutes the object obduracy and assumes that people are the only ones who can take the acting status. New technology may fail to lead to new arrangements of things and humans. They, in addition, may generate new forms and causality orders and, indeed, new forms concerned with the world. This means that technology can also generate both moral judgment and knowledge forms. A big portion of innovating part lies in inscribing the vision of the world in the content, which is technical, of the new object. The end of this work is a script or rather a scenario. This part of innovation is primarily concerned with inscription, followed by invention, the inventor, most significantly technology, scenario, script and vision. The author in page 208 till 209 argues that if one has interest in technical objects contrasted to chimera, it is difficult for them to get methodological satisfaction basing on the point of view of the user and the designer only. In conclusion, sociotechnical facts conversion into simple and pure facts depends on the technical object ability to turn into black boxes. This means that as objects become indispensable, they efface

Differences and Similitarities between Mozart and Beethovens early and Essay

Differences and Similitarities between Mozart and Beethovens early and late Symphonies - Essay Example Additionally, personal differences, in terms of lifestyles also contributed to the differences in their symphonies. Thus, the following are the differences and Similarities between Mozart and Beethovens early and late Symphonies: Similarities between Mozart and Beethovens early Symphonies Mozart and Beethovens early Symphonies were similar in various ways. First, their early symphonies are characterized by the application of Sonata form, which was the main musical structure that characterized the classical music era (Keefe, 66). The two composers applied Sonata form in almost every of their works, only that it could be combined with other forms of music structure such as the Rondo and the variation forms. The examples that can depict the use of the sonata form in their early works are the Mozart’s K 296 composition and Beethoven’s Piano quartets, also referred to as the WoO 36 (Will, 55). These are some of the earlier compositions by these two musical composers, which d epict the application of sonata form, almost in a very identical way. The application of sonata form as a musical structure by the two composers in these two earlier works is depicted by the division of the compositions into three sections. Both the K-296 symphony, which was composed in 1781 by Mozart and the WoO36 Piano quartet’s symphony, which was composed by Beethoven before 1792, displays the classification of the composition into the exposition, a development and a recapitulation sections (Will, 44). These symphonies entail the presentation of a transition, from how the tonal material of the compositions are organized in harmony at the exposition section, then developed into elaboration and contrast at the development section, and finally harmonized and resolved to create a harmoniously integrated rhythm at the recapitulation section (Keefe, 68). This musical structure starts with a harmonized and simplified tonal stability at the exposition section, then enters the dev elopment section where more tension is build, and complex tonal textures, far-ranging key changes and highly agitated rhythms are developed, to create the climax of the musical composition at the development section, and finally enters the recapitulation section, where the tension and tonal complexity is reduced, resulting to a cool harmonious finishing rhythm (Will, 41). These are the major characteristics of Mozart’s K 296 composition and Beethoven’s Piano quartets, which are some of their earlier works. Differences between Mozart and Beethovens early Symphonies There are notable differences between Mozart’s and Beethoven’s early symphonies. The difference emanates from the fact that while Mozart was a musical composer of his own making, Beethoven’s musical composition were a hybrid of Mozart’s and other artists’ style. In developing his symphonies, Beethoven was particularly influenced by Mozart on one hand and Joseph Haydn on the other (Keefe, 72). Therefore, he combined their musical composition styles to create a hybrid, which he then gave his own personality. This led to a development of a unique stylistic composition that was different from those of his influencers. Therefore, Mozart’s and Beethoven’s early symphonies were different in that, while Mozart observed musical rules and played within the confines of harmony and smooth transition of keys and rhythm, Beethoven adapted the style of

Innovating Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Innovating - Essay Example However, social constructivism refutes the object obduracy and assumes that people are the only ones who can take the acting status. New technology may fail to lead to new arrangements of things and humans. They, in addition, may generate new forms and causality orders and, indeed, new forms concerned with the world. This means that technology can also generate both moral judgment and knowledge forms. A big portion of innovating part lies in inscribing the vision of the world in the content, which is technical, of the new object. The end of this work is a script or rather a scenario. This part of innovation is primarily concerned with inscription, followed by invention, the inventor, most significantly technology, scenario, script and vision. The author in page 208 till 209 argues that if one has interest in technical objects contrasted to chimera, it is difficult for them to get methodological satisfaction basing on the point of view of the user and the designer only. In conclusion, sociotechnical facts conversion into simple and pure facts depends on the technical object ability to turn into black boxes. This means that as objects become indispensable, they efface

Image of Filipino Women Essay Example for Free

Image of Filipino Women Essay Like in Estrella Alfon’s Magnificence; she illustrated that Filipino women are tough when it is for her children; while Lumnay was very weak and couldn’t accept her husband’s marriage to another woman. . Filipino women could stand and hold firm on her virtues and ideals. No matter what the consequences are, they stand for what is right. Sometimes they are mocked and insulted because of their ideals. But these women, like Miss Noel stood determined to continue what she has started and what she was fighting for. Esperanza is also a woman of virtue. She despises sleeping with a man to whom you’re not married. Some Filipino women are very innocent when it comes to hardships, emotions or other things surrounding them. Majority of these women were born or they belonged to middle class family. They haven’t experienced difficulties while growing up. While some women are oblivious to difficulties and hardships, some are introduced to it a very young age. They sacrificed their happiness for the sake of their family and loved ones. They think of everything as they’re responsibility and it affects their way of thinking, their social life and even their marital life. Filipino women are generous and very caring. They support their family through thick and thin. They will never let their family down especially when it comes to children. They are also very sweet and understanding, Filipinas are also very jealous, they are very possessive not only on the material things but also with their loved ones, especially the mothers. There are also this conservative God-fearing Filipinas. They have principles and won’t go against it. There are many more character traits a Filipina could have, but whatever the point is, Filipinas are raised differently and you could see it by the way they talk or move. Filipino women may look independent and wise but still, they need to feel deserve to be respected and cared for. They need to be loved and feel loved.

The Readymade Garments Industry Of Bangladesh

The Readymade Garments Industry Of Bangladesh The readymade garments industry of Bangladesh is the fastest growing export oriented industry of the country. Starting in late seventies, the ready made garment industry of Bangladesh now accounts for over 64% of the countrys total export earning. A close look at the composition of RMG export of Bangladesh over the last two decades reveals that the woven garments sub-sector constituted the lions share. In fact, the beginning of the development of RMG sector started with woven garments in 1985. In the first half the 90s, the share of woven garments was above 80%. However, the share gradually started to decline to about 70% in five years late and to 62% in 2004 and to 38.80% in 2005-2006 (Export Promotion Bureau Bangladesh, 2006). In addition, compared to its double-digit growth in the 90s, the woven garments export grew only about 8% in 2000. Such a declining growth rate and a steep decline of the share of woven garments export in the total RMG export makes it urgent to re-evaluate the status of the sector of Bangladesh vis-Ã  -vis with that of the competing countries. Moreover, with the dominance of the proponents of free market economy, some changes are taking place in the global trade regulations affecting the readymade gar ments sector of Bangladesh in general. One example of such change is the phasing out of the apparel quota on December 31, 2004. Under these circumstances, it is imperative to assess the competitiveness of the woven garments sector of Bangladesh in the global market place. Hence the researcher studied the overall woven garment industry in group and this study analyzes the woven garments industry competitiveness of a single organization from strategic management perspectives. 1.2 Rational of the Study The objectives of the enterprise analysis are the following. To identify the vision, mission, objectives, and values of the company. To identify the process of crafting and executive strategy. To analyze the companys resources and competitive position. To find out the application of the five generic competitive strategies. To find out the application of various complementary strategic options. To find out the fit of the strategies to the company and the industry situations. To identify various diversification strategies. To find out the application of ethics and corporate social responsibility. To identify the leadership styles and corporate culture. 1.3 Scope of the Study The study has some boundaries. The following points delineate those boundaries. Because of the highly fragmented nature of the industry even in the domestic market (with about 400 woven producers present in different parts of the woven garments value chain), aggregation of enterprises could not be provided. Rather, a whole view point of the enterprise has been taken. This limits the researchers of this study not to use financial aggregation as well since only a few woven garments industries (not more than 5) are enlisted with the stock exchange. The analysis has been confined to the key markets of the woven markets. The markets where Bangladesh occasionally exports or where the amount of export is very small, those markets are excluded from the scope of the study. 1.4 Methodology 1.4.1 Research design The study, given the nature of the objectives, has a descriptive research design. Since this study is going to be one of the earliest studies with similar objectives about the woven garments sector, the research would be of reporting kind. According to Cooper and Schindler (2003), at the very elementary level a reporting study is done to provide an account, or to make a summation of data, or to generate some statistics. They have also argued that a reporting study requires very little inference. However, the current study answers what and why of Macro environment, industry and competitive conditions, and thus, requires a great deal of inference. Hence, the current study would be more appropriately termed as a descriptive study. Therefore, the research design for the study is descriptive research design. 1.4.2 Data collection 1.4.2.1 Primary sources The researchers collected the enterprise data organizing and a number of key informant interviews (KII) with the key persons in Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. as I have selected this organization for the enterprise analysis. Due to time limitation, the participants were chosen through personal contacts and participants willingness to participate in the discussion. The key informants considered were senior managers of the selected organization and a few bankers related to the organization. 1.4.2.2 Key Informant Interview The researcher will select at least 7 owners or managers to interview as key informants. This interview will focus on the enterprise level information like the vision, mission, objective, current performance in both local and international markets, the competitors in both markets, products and so on. 1.4.2.3 Secondary sources The researchers have explored the following secondary sources to meet the objectives of the report. Data inventory of Bangladesh Export Promotion Bureau Bangladesh (EPB) relating to readymade garments export. Data inventory of Bangladesh Garments Manufactures and Exporters Association (BGMEA) On-line news archive of newspapers and news agencies home and abroad Annual report of the company Books and journals at the library of Institute of Business Administration and University Press Limited 1.5 Limitations of the Study The current study is limited by a number of factors. First, the participants for KII have been chosen conveniently. Second, the list of questions KII has been developed from the scratch by the researchers themselves. However, these limitations are not likely to invalidate the conclusions. The reasons are the following. First, the researchers will depend on both primary and secondary sources. Second, the primary sources have been bifurcated into managers of woven garments companies in Bangladesh. Third, the list of questions has been checked for recasting by the instructor of the course. The refinement of the list of questions following the suggestions of such an expert enhances the relevance and reliability of the questions asked. Hence, these two approaches ensure cross-validation of information needed to fulfill the objectives of the report. Strategic Planning process for Rahim Textiles Limited Mission and Goal SWOT External Analysis: Opportunities and Threats Internal Analysis: Strengths and Weakness Functional Level Strategy Business Level Strategy Global Strategy Corporate Level Strategy Corporate Performance, Governance and Ethics Implementing Strategy in a Single Industry Strategy Formulation Implementing Strategy across Industries and Countries 2.0 Company Profile 2.1 Vision The vision statement of Rahim Textile Mills Ltd is to create added value to the common wealth and to benefit the society. From the discussion with company managers, the researcher revealed that by the above stated vision statement they want to mean to improve the well being of valued equity holders, investors, employees and members of the society without interrupting or disordering the universal socio-ecological-economic position and the process of human civilization leading to peaceful co-existence of all the living beings. The vision statement of Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. lacks the important characteristics of a vision statement. First of all, from the vision the kind of company cannot be identified. It is too much generic and fails to identify the business or industry to which it is supposed to apply. This vision can be applied to companies of any kind of industry. Secondly, the vision statement is not focused to provide managers with guidance in making decisions and allocating resources. The vision is also bland and lacks motivational power. Finally, the vision statement of the company is vague in meaning; no concrete objective is mentioned in the vision. 2.2 Mission Realize the vision; the mission of the company is to play a leading roll in export oriented textile sector through reasonable application of Knowledge and Skills. This mission is also very weak in meaning. There is no description of the companys present business scope and purpose in the vision statement. 2.3 objectives The objective Rahim Textile Mills Ltd is to maximize our productivity on strict ethical standards at minimum cost to ensure optimum growth of wealth of the company. This is basically falls in the type of strategic objective. Since the company is making profit satisfactorily and the existing financial condition is healthy enough, they are concentrating on the strategic objective. 2.4 History Rahim Textile Mills Ltd started its journey in 31 December, 1981. The company commenced production in the year of 1987. Initially the company was producing only woven garments, afterwards with the expansion strategy the company built its capacity in both woven and knit sector as well as in dyeing. They already established huge factory at shafipur, Kaliakar and Gazipur, all outside but very much near to the capital city. The company has four sister concerns. They are as follows: Malek Spinning Mills Ltd. Knit Asia Ltd. New Asia Ltd. Salek Textile Ltd. Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. enlisted in Dhaka stock exchange on 29 March, 1988. 2.5 Products The main woven products of Rahim Textile Mills Ltd are shirts, trousers, hats and jackets, mostly made from cotton. Recently the company are enlarging its product width and producing inner wears for different worldwide famous brands. On the other hand, the company also produces knit garments products, e.g. sweaters and socks. Products Cotton products Shirts, trousers, hats and jackets Knit garments products Sweaters and socks 2.6 Export Volume and Destination As we discussed with the key persons of the company, the informants were declined to disclose the exact quantity of exports from their production, but they mentioned the proportion of export to total production. They mentioned that the company exports about 92% of its products. Most of the export is sent to USA as well as the other major portion in EU countries. From figure 2.3, it can be concluded that earning per share of the company is consistent and higher in the last year. In the last year Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. diversified its business in knitting sector and the result is increased earning per share in the last year. 3.0 Internal Analysis 3.1 Core competencies By the definition of core competence, it is a competitively important activity that a company performs better than other internal activities. In case of Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. its core competence is the quality of its products. In production the company has been using its highly experienced and skilled professional in its manufacturing process. Therefore it already gained loyalty from its buyers. The company not only concentrates in quality, but also maintains the cost of the product so that the cost becomes competitive among the rivalry in the industry. 3.2 Distinctive competencies From literature, distinctive competence is a competitively valuable activity that a company performs better than its rivals. The researchers tried to identify distinctive competence of Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. through key informant interview with the top level managers of the company. But from the response of the KII participants, it has been revealed that the company has no distinctive competence to attract the vigorous buyers in the market. 3.3 Key resources Key resource strengths of a company generally form the cornerstones of strategy and make the company competitive in the industry. From the KII with the top level managers of Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. the researcher identified that key resources of the company are: Highly experienced professional Better technology Better market access 3.4 SWOT Analysis In order to accomplish SWOT analysis the researcher followed the steps below. Figure 3.2: Steps of SWOT analysis. 3.4.1 Resource strength and competitive capabilities From primary data of KII and secondary data, the researchers identified the following resource strength and competitive capabilities. Highly experienced and skilled workforce as its intellectual capital relative to rivals which provides the company learning and experience curve advantages. Better product quality compared to the medium size competitive rivals Better customer base as compared to the small garments companies Technology is on average updated, but not like that of Square textile or Bex-tex Capacity is well-matched with its production volume. 3.4.2 Resource weaknesses and competitive deficiencies Potential resource weaknesses and competitive deficiencies of the company, as identified by the researcher, are mentioned below. The company has no clear strategic vision to direct the company towards specific targets Behind rivals is using e-commerce for their promotion purpose whereas the company even has no website for the convenience of information gathering by the foreign buyers. Its product line is narrow compared to the other rivals in the industry. It has no brand image in local market and very weak influence of brand in the global market, only with the selected suppliers. Long lead time is another crucial factor for which the foreign buyers are declined to buy its products. 3.4.3 Market opportunities Although Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. had been running their business in woven sector only, they are now expanding their business horizon in the knit sector also. The company realized that its skilled and experienced workforce can be utilized in the knit sector effectively and efficiently. We foresee a brighter future for us. Print and dyeing orders shall increase overall. We must continue to strive to achieve more orders which shall ensure greater progress and prosperity. It has become essential for us to embark upon capacity enhancement and balancing of our dyeing printing machineries urgently to meet the stringent quality assurances imposed by the buyers. We need to improve labor productivity and consistency in quality. We will face tougher competition both from within and outside. We need to resolve issues related to bond and customs to ensure faster disposal of imported raw materials. We need to work extensively and pursue the government to have provision of subsidy and other incen tives at different stages of production and process to remain competitive in the international market. The concerted and coordinated efforts will ensure higher production, better quality to make the production year 2007-2008 the year of greater progress and prosperity. 3.4.4 Threats to the future profitability Day by day the strong rivals are capturing the markets available to the industry in Bangladesh. Another threat is coming from technological change. Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. is not large enough to regularly update its technology to compete with other key rivals and so losing market share gradually. Besides, the company is facing cost cut competition from the rivals. 3.5 Prices and costs competitiveness The rise in the price of chemicals and dyes by over 30% also affected the order acceptance and overall production. Exporting countries of dyes, Chemicals and Colors especially China, India increased their prices making the market very competitive and difficult. Buyers took advantage of the competition amongst similar dyeing printing Factories and offered lower price. Despite such a situation we could improve both export and local market prices. Dearth of the trained manpower had led to poor labor productivity and inconsistency in the quality of textile products. 3.6 Business model A companys business model relates to whether the revenue-cost-profit economics of its strategy demonstrate the viability of the business enterprise as a whole. In case of Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. business model of the company is not only viable but also it shows its success in many consecutive year as the company is making huge amount of profit regularly. The business model of Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. is a proven model which ensures the companys viability in the market for a long period- from 1986. 3.7 Value chain of the company The value chain of Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. is similar to the following value chain model. Absent Figure 3.3: Value chain model for Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. On the value chain model, Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. lacks efficiency in sales and marketing. Therefore the company is loosing market share to the competitive rivals. Also there is no R D department in the company. This is why they are lacking in product innovation and product differentiation. 3.8 Dimensions of organizational culture Culture of an organization consists of the characteristics as described in the following figure. Figure 8.1: dimensions of organizational culture From the perspective of the woven garments industry in Bangladesh, most of the employees in the industry come from inferior background in terms of both academic and social status. Almost all the workers educational background is either SSC or below SSC. They are mostly unaware about the culture of the organization. Even the managers are very little concerned about the culture of their organization. From our focus group discussion, the discussants give importance on the following characteristics of organizational culture: Aggressiveness The managers are aggressive with their workers rather than easygoing. The managers always give pressure to the workers about their performance. Even a worker is performing satisfactorily; she or he is not given any kind of motivational incentive or compliments to continue his performance. Team orientation In this industry team orientation among the employees is nearly absent. The managers, in most of the cases being unaware about synergy, do not bother about the performance of team, rather always prefer individual performance. People orientation People orientation reflects the degree to which the management decisions take into consideration the effect of outcomes on people within the organization. By definition and comments of the discussants of FGD, this characteristic of organizational culture is rarely practiced by the managers in planning, design and implementation of production. Outcome orientation Outcome orientation measures the degree to which management focuses on results or outcomes rather than on the techniques and processes used to achieve those outcomes. In most of the woven garment industry the production managers are outcome oriented. They attach importance to the quality of the products rather than their production process and technology used in production. Attention to detail Attention to detail is the degree to which employees are expected to exhibit precision, analysis, and attention to detail. Since most of the workers in the garment industry are unskilled and even they are not provided any kind of training, they must follow the guidelines of their work literally as mentioned by the managers. 4. External Analysis 4.1 Competitor Analysis Major competitors of the Rahim Textile Limited is given below Monno fabric, Babylon Garments, Desh garments and Viella-tex Square Textile Mills Beximco Textiles The factors of similarity are mostly activism in marketing and selling, availability of local raw materials, delivery reliability, and level of backward linkage. 4.2 Competitive Positioning In order to identify the competitive position of the company, the researcher used strategic group mapping considering the selected 7 companies by the group. In strategic group mapping researchers has given importance to the cost of the products, product quality, active marketing, lead time, delivery time, and export quantity. The figure above shows that Monno fabric, Rahim textile, Babylon Garments, Desh garments and Viella-tex have similar ranking on the basis of the two attributes. All these five companies have higher quality while they are low in price. So, these five companies emerge as a strategic group. On the other hand, Square and Bex-tex have average performance on each of the considered factors of the mapping and hence, they can be said to fall in the same group. 4.3 Textile Industry: The textile industry in Bangladesh occupies a prominent position within the countrys industrial structure. It is the largest manufacturing sector, providing jobs for some 50% of the total industrial workforce and contributing 9.5% of the countrys GDP. Also, it accounts for almost 77% of total exports, making it Bangladeshs leading foreign exchange earner. In the early 1980s exports were dominated by jute while garment sales were insignificant. But today garment exports are by far the leading export category. In 2001/02 the clothing sector generated as much as US$4.58 bl in foreign exchange. The industry benefits from special access to markets in the EU, Canada, Norway and Japan. Because Bangladesh is a least developed country, its textile and clothing exports enter these countries quota-free and duty-free. This concession, together with low labour costs, provides the garment sector with a strong competitive advantage. But in order to produce garments for export, the sector has to purchase a large share of its yarn and fabric needs from abroad, especially woven fabrics. Few local textile firms are able to produce materials of the required quality or in adequate quantities. The Bangladeshi government is attempting to remedy this situation. To reduce the countrys import bill, it is offering tax concessions and incentives aimed at encouraging investors to develop the necessary backward linkages. Profitability of a market/industry depends on strength of five threats to profitability: 4.4 Porters Five Factor Analysis: 4.5 Industry life cycle Analysis: A useful tool for analyzing the effects of industry evolution on competitive forces is the industry life model, which identifies five sequential stages in the evolution of an industry that lead to five distinct kinds of industry environment: embryonic, growth, stakeout, mature and decline. Embryonic Shakeout Decline Maturity Growth Textiles industry is at maturity stage in the industrial product life cycle stage. 5.0. Strategy Analysis 5.1 Generic Competitive Strategy A competitive strategy concerns the specifics of managements game plan for competing successfully and achieving a competitive edge over rivals. A company achieves competitive advantages whenever it has some type of edge over rivals in attracting buyers and coping with competitive forces. There are countless variations in the competitive strategies that companies employ. Mainly because each companys strategic approach entails custom-designed actions to fit its own circumstances and industry environment. The mostly used five competitive strategies are shown in the following figure: Figure 4.1: Five generic competitive strategies 5.2 Low-cost provider strategy Among the five mentioned competitive strategies, Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. achieve overall low-cost provider strategy. The company is the lowest cost provider rather than just being one of perhaps several competitors with comparatively low costs. The companys strategic target is meaningfully lower costs than rivals but not necessarily the absolute lowest possible cost. 5.3 Fitness of the strategy Ready made garment industry is moving very fast, new competitors are emerging in the market frequently; growth rate is decreasing year after year. To cope with changes Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. must tailor its strategy so that the company can become profitable and competitive to surrounding rivalry establishing a distinctive competence. 5.4 Strategies for entering the market More and more companies are finding themselves in industry situations characterized by rapid technological change short product cycles because of entry of important and fast-evolving customer requirements and expectations -all occurring at once. Due to the entrance of new competitors the market for Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. is shrinking. To compete with these fast moving changes, this company has to be technologically sound, product innovative to attract the change-demanding customer and product diversification. 5.5 Strategies for coping with rapid changes It is very important to understand the key driving forces of an industry to decide upon the strategy of any company inside the industry. By searching the internet, reviewing related literatures, implementing key informant technique, and by organizing focused group discussion the following key forces have been identified. Growing use of internet technology and applications Increasing globalization Changes in the buyers requirements Changes in cost and efficiency Changes in global regulations in the textiles and apparels industry In Bangladesh internet technology and web applications play a vital role in establishing collaboration between importers and buyers abroad. Exporters communicate with Importers though internet where buyers put their proposal and ask for bidding. Prospective sellers bid through the internet and the lowest bidder is rewarded with sales contract This is how internet technology acts as a bridge in connecting business people across different parts of the world. In domestic market there is no such seller who uses websites as a part of their supply chain. Amazon uses website as a competitive tool in gaining customers. But such facilities havent yet gained prominence in a developing country like Bangladesh. So Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. can take an initiative eto develop website for buyers and suppliers. The overall global trade is increasing phenomenally every year and after. In business the process of going global is largely marked by increasing volume of export and import and greater number of licensing, franchising, strategic alliances, joint venture and setting up of foreign subsidiaries by business houses. Thomas Friedman while describing the trend of globalization summed it up in one sentence that globalization is farther, faster, cheaper, and deeper.(Hossain and Sandhir 2004) Key informant interviews reveal that trade liberalization has made it much easier for entering into new market and carry out manufacturing activities by out sourcing them. Brands like Reebok, Marks Spencer, Denim, Wall Mart, Levies, Nike etc. out source their manufacturing activities to countries like Bangladesh where they can get value chain activities done cheaper than any other part of the world. Although the ready made garment sector is not so much speedy changing, it has to be proactive about the market demand and thereby make itself prepared for the market demand. Other option is the company can react with the change. Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. is considering the latter approach. It is reacting with the changes. When the other companies are fighting to reduce lead time and improve delivery time, this company also trying to walk in the same way. The company is trying to incorporate new technology for its production process. 5.6 Strategies for sustaining rapid company growth As Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. is medium size company in the woven sector industry in Bangladesh, the company is following horizon 1: short-jump for sustaining rapid company growth. By this technique, the company is adding new items to the companys present product line, expanding into new geographic areas where the company does not yet have a market presence and launching offensives to take market share away from rivals. The objective of this short jump is to capitalize fully on whatever growth potential exists in the companys present business arenas. The sustainability of exports of woven garments in Bangladesh remains under question as the sector lacks backward linkages far from the requirements. At present, around 20 to 25 per cent of the raw materials required for the woven garments are supplied domestically whereas the same for the kit garment is 75 to 80 per cent. The manufacturers depend on the international market for the rest of the raw materials required for both the sectors. Given the pattern of growing demand for TC in the international market and the increasing competitiveness from the major exporting countries it would be difficult for Bangladesh to stand in the competition with her limited supply-side capacity. Bangladesh may supper a serious setback in outsourcing raw materials from the international market. 5.7 Diversification Strategy The big risk of a single-business company is having all of rhe firms eggs in one industry basket. If the market is eroded by the appearance of new technologies, new products, or fast-shifting buyer preference, then a companys prospects can quickly dim. For these reasons the company takes diversification strategy to broaden its business horizon. In the researchers case analysis, Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. has also realized the risk of single-business Company and also realized that the existing potential resources can be utilized efficiently if the business is broadened with the similar sectors. From this view point, Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. has extended its business in knitting sector as well as spinning. 5.8 Strategies for entering new businesses From the view point of input side, Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. considered the following factors in expanding its business horizon in new businesses. Existing technologies and expertise complement to the expanded business Existing competencies and capabilities are same valuable competitive assets for the expanded business New business in spinning and knitting is closely related to existing woven garments and so opens new avenues for reduction of cost The existing suppliers expanded their supply in spinning and knitting raw materials as well as buyers demanding products of knitting garments. Besides the management of Rahim Textile Mills Ltd. has thought about the outcome and the benefit of shareholders so that value is added to them.. There were three different choices for the company to diversify in the new business. The choices are as follows: Acquisition of an existing business

Manufacturing :: essays research papers

Luke Lindsey   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mana 156- behavior and Org. 02055325  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Case analysis 1 10-23-0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mega Manufacturing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mega Manufacturing is a manufacturer of sports shoes for men and women. They are investigating each department in order to cut back on spending in order to eliminate wastes of resources. One potential waste is coming from the cutting department. The waste of material is costing the company monitory resources that could further benefit the company if allocated elsewhere. Several solutions have been discovered with the cutting process but if the problem were to be solve d there is both a salary saving and the elimination of waste, in this particular department. However the solution lies with the employees of this department and the solution will cost some of them their jobs. The variables effecting the disclosure of this information vary from one's need for monitory income, to the esteem of the position. Management is facing several possible decisions that include employee employment assurance to cost savings and company bottom line figures. Their decisions are foun ded on management decisions, employee motivations and resistance to innovations and the notion of getting these resistant employees to adopt the innovations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, the management decisions regarding the cutting process and the problems that are associated with them. The notion that the skilled workers of the cutting department are aware of a solution to the problem with the breaking dies indicates that there is a solution to the problem. On the standpoint of the company, investigation into the proper use and successful completion of the cut using the die needs to be resolved. The die eliminates wastage and will speed up productivity of the cutting process. It will also make the individual machine operator more efficient which will conclude with the elimination of several positions may allocated more resources previously spent on employee salaries. This cost savings will free up allocations previously spent on overhead and allocated to other departments that may increase spending in order to increase sales, or add more to the stockholders bottom line. As a machine operator aware of this notion that relinquishing this i nformation could cost him/her their job, there needs to be some cause for hesitation. The workers are paid on an hourly base so the increase of efficiency will also allow management the ability to cut hours, which will also hurt the workers. If faced with this dilemma I would have to first find out if the solution the breaking dies were legit.

Compressed Air and Water :: science

Compressed Air and Water The goal of the following research is to demonstrate that Carlton & United Breweries (CUB) reduced energy and water consumption will not only protect their environment, but also earn and save them extra income. Brewing used to require about 25 litres of water per litre of beer, nowadays it requires only 4 to 5 litres*, on the other hand, compressed air accounts about 10% of electricity consumption in the industry*. CUB needs to use cutting edge technologies, more preventive maintenance programs and â€Å"very simple ways in which the procedure can become cleaner†* in order to reach and overcome these requirements. And let’s not forget that every litre of water and watt of energy saved will be reflected as a profit. Water Issue CUB has taken the water issue in consideration, reducing its consumption by 7-9%, only by installing a recycling system which is capable of distributing re-used water for the cooling towers of the engine room, boiler house, floor wash-down and pasteurisation*. However, there is a lot that can be done in order to reduce even more this percentage; cisterns on the roof collect rainwater that can be used for the toilets and landscape irrigation, saving 3.9 million litres of potable water a year*, and also, can be purified and used as the re-used water if necessary*. Cascade Brewery, also from Australia, is saving an average of 5,812 KL per month*, some of their main water reduction actions are: replacement of heat exchange equipment with more efficient units, steam condensate return to the boilers, The installation of a 32 KL tank at to collect water from the carbon dioxide and air compressors for use as boiler feedwater, among others*. Compressed Air Issue Not much has been done in order to make a significative reduction in the compressed air issue. Actually, it has reduced 1%, only by applying air knives instead of compressed air in order to dry the bottles before labelling and a leak identification program. There is wide range of possibilities CUB could work on in order to reduce its compressed air consumption, which it’s translated into less energy consumption from the air compressors and blowers. Switch to state of the art air compressors, these can really mean a huge difference regarding energy consumption*. Variable Speed compressors (VS), can match the air demand by adjusting the motors RPMs and energy consumption, however, VS are most efficient at low to mid capacity ranges (20-60% full load), and are designed only to intermittent operation at 100% capacity*.

Teen-pregnancy and sexually-transmitted diseases

The world we are living in right now is full of uncertainties. The population is increasing rapidly, as the number of hungry mouths also increases. Diseases are spreading around the world, some of which we know none about any cure. Adding up the ignorance building up inside the minds of the youth, we are creating a bomb projected to explode in the near future. Misconceptions about certain facts in life must be taken care of, since ignorance would only lead to further disaster.Considering the current situation of today’s young minds, their curiosity could lead them to their own destruction. There are certain delicate topics belonging to this context. This includes the ongoing debate about teenage pregnancy and the increasing number of sexually-transmitted disease. Raising the awareness of these young minds would only raise their curiosity, thus endangering their own lives and future. That is why when it comes to this issue, the best way to deal with it is not to engage it.Preve ntion is better than cure. Thus, this leads us to a firm stand; therefore I will have to argue in favor of the proposition that â€Å"Abstinence-only programs are the most effective approach in order to prevent teen-age pregnancy and some sexually transmitted disease. † Teenage Pregnancy. Teenage pregnancy nowadays is already at its worst. The world is being populated at an alarming rate, and we can’t do anything about it.The young generations have been contributing a lot to this problem, engaging in an early sexual life, thus, leading to certain unwanted events like early parenthood; unwanted pregnancies leading to the decision of rearing the child, thus adding another mouth to feed in this increasingly over-populated world we live in. These teenagers could have made a difference by not venturing into the aspects of life where curiosity could actually spell disaster if certain situations arise.According to Starkman, it is approximated that by the end of high school, a lmost 70% of young Americans are considered sexually active, wherein about 20% of these have had four or more sexual partners. Despite these alarming numbers, less than 50% of all public schools of America present sufficient information and overview about contraceptives and the risks of pregnancy, thus contributing a lot to what could be a great build up in people unaware of the realities of having early sexual life.It is clear that there are millions of American youth all over the United States that involves in various sexual behaviors that puts them in great risk of early pregnancy. Despite the numbers, there is no federal directive as to how these problems would be dealt with. Less than half of all the public schools in the United States offer sufficient information about acquiring birth control, thus leaving a lot of questions unanswered (Starkman & Rajani, 2002).According to Fields, â€Å"abstinence-only† sexuality educations in schools have advocated that it could prote ct their children from the damaging influence of other people. It provided guidance which teenagers could follow in order to avoid unwanted pregnancies, wherein you take the roots of the problem in order to solve it (Fields, 2005). According to Meier, pregnancy could be a sex determinant, since the fear of teen pregnancy could lead to a mentality wherein the person would be hesitant in indulging in such sexual activities.Abstinence is the only way, the safest to be exact, to avoid unwanted pregnancy. Resorting to the use of contraceptives doesn’t assure of a 100% safety from pregnancy. It could fail, thus doesn’t assure of the â€Å"safe† sex contraceptives usually offer. Abstinence should be promoted, and should be recognized as the only means to promote a pregnancy outside a married life, or a life wherein you could provide for the offspring. Pregnancy at an early age doesn’t assure a better life for both the parents and the offspring (Meier, 2004). Sex ually-transmitted diseases.According to Starkman, about 50% of the newly discovered human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases in America and about 70% of all the sexually transmitted diseases surface on young Americans, those of which are usually under 25 years old. The old statement about prevention is better than cure applies for this, and since there are incurable cases of the HIV and STD’s, it is better to avoid and prevent rather than resorting to the curing part. Because of that, it is better to reserve the sexual activities of the person at the mature age, wherein you are responsible enough for you actions thus, being able to know what to do.Young teenagers who suffer from STD’s don’t know what to do, how they will deal with their situation (Starkman & Rajani, 2002). Abstinence-only education encourages teens not to engage in early sexual activities in order for them to avoid having sexually transmitted infections and diseases. It is clear that prevention is really better than cure, and that encouraging the youth in practicing safe sex and introducing contraception only worsens the case because it deviates from the real goal, to prevent STD’s. No sex for the youth is better than â€Å"safe† sex, because it is not purely 100% safe.It only lessens the chance of getting infected, yet you cannot deny the fact that lessening is not getting any better than preventing. Analysis and Conclusion With all the facts presented, it is evident that â€Å"keeping it safe† and protecting yourself is not enough when it comes to matters like teenage pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Even though some people see safe sex as a â€Å"big chance† to avoid pregnancy and certain diseases, you are still risking that â€Å"small chance† of those things happening. It is not enough to take precautionary measures and still do the deed.The most important thing to do and to consider is how people, especially the youth ca n avoid the problem completely, and this is through abstinence, purely abstinence only. Reference: Fields, J. (2005). ‘Children Having Children': Race, Innocence, and Sexuality Education. Social Problems, 52(4), 549-571. Meier, A. M. (2004). The morning after (and beyond): Adolescent well-being after first sex. ProQuest Information & Learning. Starkman, N. , & Rajani, N. (2002). The case for comprehensive sex education. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 16(7), 313-318.